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Although the law has no requirement that schools actually put any of these plans into practice, such a requirement could become part of future bills, along with a threat of loss of federal student financial aid and scholarship funding for those universities which refuse to comply.� Earlier versions of the Act did include possible penalties for noncompliance, and included proposals that those schools that receive lots of copyright infringement notices be subject to review by the US Secretary of Education.� Content industry lobbyists from the RIAA and the MPAA have proposed that federal funds be at risk when copyright infringement occurs on campus computer networks.� The requirement for the evaluation and exploration of p2p filtering software attracted the ire of college and university administrators, since they regard it as essentially an unfunded mandate.� Colleges and universities would incur added costs in being required to evaluate unproven network detection/filtering software.� In any case, expecting that network detection/filtering software will ever be an effective countermeasure to illegal file sharing is probably asking for the impossible, like asking for government-mandated time travel.� Not all p2p file transfers are illegitimate, and there is currently no technological solution that will tell the difference between legal and illegal files.� Many of these filters present severe privacy and security risks and are probably doomed to be rendered obsolete and ineffective by technological countermeasures Colleges and universities would also incur the additional cost of being required to offer their students access to legal for-pay music downloading services such as Napster or Rhapsody as alternatives to illegal file downloading.� Campuses which already offer legitimate file downloading services typically charge a student activity fee to cover the expense, which would result in the transfer of a lot of college tuition money to the entertainment industry, raising the overall cost of a college education.� Many students would probably resent being forced to pay for a service that they really do not want--many of these legal downloading services are laden with DRM restrictions, many are nothing more than music rental services, most don�t carry the artists they really want to hear, and they are often incompatible with the most popular devices such as the iPod.